PMC

a (I) 3D model of the ADM circuit used in simulations that comprises two Y-splitters and a 35-mm-long grating-loaded side coupler (20 grating periods with Λ = 1.03 mm, H = 0.21 mm). The computed electric field distributions in the ADM circuits for various launching conditions: (II) In port at 140 GHz (grating stopband), (III) In port at 128 GHz (grating passband), and (IV) Add port at 140 GHz (grating stopband). Optimized Drop Action: reflectance and transmittance of various ports under b In port launching and c Add port launching. Balanced Add/Drop Action: reflectance and transmittance of various ports under d In port launching and e Add port launching. Panels b–e are computed using Eq. () and data from (a).

Power transmittances of the grating-loaded side couplers for a an ADM with the optimized Drop action (L_dⁱⁿ = 1.5 mm) and b an ADM with the balanced Add/Drop action (L_dⁱⁿ = 6.9 mm) under the In port launching (Plane 1) and the Add port launching (Plane 2) conditions. c Power transmittances of the two grating-loaded side couplers at the Through port (Plane 2) under the In port launching (Plane 1) condition. Inserts schematically show the signal optical paths corresponding to various ADM actions.

Ballistospore launching upon drop coalescence. (a) Prior to the launching of a ballistospore, a spherical Buller's drop forms at the hilar appendix which is at the base of the spore, and a lens-shaped drop forms on the adaxial side. The spore is supported by a sterigma with an abscission zone indicated by the dotted area. (b–e) Conceptual model for ballistospore launching, where a spore-shaped particle is launched from a supporting substrate by the capillary–inertial process. The blue (dark) arrow denotes the force exerted on the merged drop by the particle, and the purple (light) arrow denotes the counter-force exerted on the particle. At the point of launching in (d), the net acceleration of the merged drop is zero and the compressive force between the particle and the substrate vanishes. Note that the sterigma is rotated 90° relative to .

Initial LongQt interface upon launching the program. Users may navigate different panels on the left-hand side control panel to customize their simulation.